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Total Sample
Female [n (%)]
498 (51.9)
Age, y [median (IQR)]
4.7 (4.4–5.0)
Age of the child’s mother, y [median (IQR)]
31 (26–36)
Level of maternal education [n (%)]
Low (< 12 years of study)
171 (17.8)
Medium (12 years of study)
397 (41.4)
High (> 12 years of study)
391 (40.8)
Child’s mother works out of home [n (%)]
478 (49.8)
Weight, kg [median (IQR)]
19.2 (17.4–21.6)
Height, cm [median (IQR)]
107.4 (104.2–111.2)
Weight status [n (%)] a
Normal weight (−2SD < BMI-for age z-score < +1SD)
508 (53.0)
Overweight (+1SD < BMI-for-age z-score < +2SD)
276 (28.8)
Obese (BMI-for-age z-score > +2SD)
175 (18.2)
Waist circumference, cm [median (IQR)] b
54.4 (51.5–57.8)
Children’s abdominal obesity [n (%)] bc
92 (9.6)
Maternal weight status [n (%)] de
Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2 )
6 (0.6)
Normal (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 )
237 (25.8)
Overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2 )
350 (38.1)
Obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2 )
326 (35.5)
Maternal abdominal obesity [n (%)] ef
509 (55.4)
a Defined based on WHO Child Growth Standards 2006 for children under 5-years-old and WHO Growth Reference 2007 for children above 5 years-old [46 , 47 , 53 ]b Data were available for 957 preschool children, two children refused to be measuredc Waist circumference measures were compared to USA percentiles describe by Fernandez et al. [49 ] and Cook et al. criteria was used to assess abdominal obesity among children [50 ]d Defined based on WHO cut-off points for Body Mass Index in adults [48 ]e Data were available for 919 mothers; 38 mothers were pregnant and two refused to be measuredf Defined based on the criteria for clinical identification of metabolic syndrome described by the Adult Treatment Panel III 2001 [51 ]
